A rug is a thick, heavy floor covering. It is typically distinguished from a carpet in that a rug is not designed to cover the entire floor. It can be made of a variety of materials such as wool, silk, and cotton. The color of a rug is determined by its dyes, which may be natural or synthetic. A rug is usually constructed by tying or knotting individual yarns to form a design. It is sometimes reinforced with coiled woolen bindings and a narrow band of kilim tapestry is left at each end to bind and protect the weaving.
The field design of a rug typically consists of a central motif such as flowers, leaves, trees, animals, and human figures in various postures. It can also be a more geometric composition. It is often framed by the border, which varies greatly in width according to the size of the rug and the elaborateness of the field design. The border is usually decorated with inner and outer guard stripes, which may be the same or different, and a main band, which also varies in width.
The quality of a rug is determined by the materials, weaving technique, and construction method. Hand-spun wool and silk will produce a higher quality rug than that made from machine-spun, low-grade wool. The best rugs are those which use natural, vegetable (not chemical) dyes, which will age in a pleasing way. Likewise, a rug woven from high-quality, fat-tailed sheep will have a lustrous sheen that is impossible to duplicate using synthetic materials.
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